You've learnt the basic vowels. Now let's move on to the basic consonants. The shapes of the letter were based on graphic imitations of the human articulators.
ㄱ (giyeok) ~> g,k as gold, wok
ㄴ (nieun) ~> n as November
ㄷ (digeut) ~> d, t as doll, dot
ㄹ (rieul) ~> l, r as load, radio
ㅁ (mieum) ~> m as mother
ㅂ (bieup) ~> b, p as buy, lap
ㅅ (siot) ~> s as show
ㅇ (yieung) ~> no sound if placed in front, ng as king if placed at the end
ㅈ (jieut) ~> j as joy
ㅊ (chieuk) ~> ch as chess
ㅋ (kieuk) ~> k as kind
ㅌ (tieut) ~> t as take
ㅍ (pieup) ~> p as put
ㅎ (hieut) ~> h as hot